Malisoux L1, Chambon N2, Urhausen A3, Theisen D1.
1Sports Medicine Research Laboratory, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
2Decathlon, Movement Sciences Department, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
3Sports Medicine Research Laboratory, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg Sports Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
BACKGROUND/AIM:
Modern running shoes are available in a wide range of heel-to-toe drops (ie, the height difference between the forward and rear parts of the inside of the shoe). While shoe drop has been shown to influence strike pattern, its effect on injury risk has never been investigated. Therefore, the reasons for such variety in this parameter are unclear.
Malisoux L1, Chambon N2, Delattre N2, Gueguen N2, Urhausen A3, Theisen D1.
1Sports Medicine Research Laboratory, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
2Decathlon, Movement Sciences Department, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
3Sports Medicine Research Laboratory, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg Sports Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
BACKGROUND/AIM:
This randomised controlled trial investigated if the usage of running shoes with a motion control system modifies injury risk in regular leisure-time runners compared to standard shoes, and if this influence depends on foot morphology.
Malisoux L1, Nielsen RO2, Urhausen A3, Theisen D4
1Sports Medicine Research Laboratory, Public Research Centre for Health, Luxembourg.
2Department of Public Health, Section of Sport Science, Aarhus University, Denmark; Orthopedic Surgery Research Unit, Science and Innovation Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark.
3Sports Medicine Research Laboratory, Public Research Centre for Health, Luxembourg; Sports Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
4Sports Medicine Research Laboratory, Public Research Centre for Health, Luxembourg.
OBJECTIVES:
To investigate the association between training-related characteristics and running-related injury using a new conceptual model for running-related injury generation, focusing on the synergy between training load and previous injuries, short-term running experience or body mass index (> or < 25 kg m(-2)). DESIGN: Prospective cohort study with a 9-month follow-up.
METHODS:
The data of two previous studies using the same methodology were revisited. Recreational runners (n = 517) reported information about running training characteristics (weekly distance, frequency, speed), other sport participation and injuries on a dedicated internet platform. Weekly volume (dichotomized into < 2h and ≥ 2 h) and session frequency (dichotomized into < 2 and ≥ 2) were the main exposures because they were considered necessary causes for running-related injury. Non-training-related characteristics were included in Cox regression analyses as effect-measure modifiers. Hazard ratio was the measure of association. The size of effect-measure modification was calculated as the relative excess risk due to interaction.
RESULTS:
One hundred sixty-seven runners reported a running-related injury. Crude analyses revealed that weekly volume < 2h (hazard ratio = 3.29; 95% confidence intervals = 2.27; 4.79) and weekly session frequency < 2 (hazard ratio = 2.41; 95% confidence intervals = 1.71; 3.42) were associated with increased injury rate. Previous injury was identified as an effect-measure modifier on weekly volume (relative excess risk due to interaction = 4.69; 95% confidence intervals = 1.42; 7.95; p = 0.005) and session frequency (relative excess risk due to interaction = 2.44; 95% confidence intervals = 0.48; 4.39; p = 0.015). A negative synergy was found between body mass index and weekly volume (relative excess risk due to interaction = -2.88; 95% confidence intervals = -5.10; -0.66; p = 0.018).
CONCLUSIONS:
The effect of a runner's training load on running-related injury is influenced by body mass index and previous injury. These results show the importance to distinguish between confounding and effect-measure modification in running-related injury research.
Copyright © 2014 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS: Effect-measure modification; Injury mechanism; Sports injury prevention; Training load monitoring
J Sci Med Sport. 2015 Sep;18(5):523-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2014.07.014. Epub 2014 Aug 12.
Nielsen RØ, Malisoux L, Møller M, Theisen D, Parner ET.
SYNOPSIS:
The etiological mechanism underpinning any sports-related injury is complex and multifactorial. Frequently, athletes perceive "excessive training" as the principal factor in their injury, an observation that is biologically plausible yet somewhat ambiguous. If the applied training load is suddenly increased, this may increase the risk for sports injury development, irrespective of the absolute amount of training. Indeed, little to no rigorous scientific evidence exists to support the hypothesis that fluctuations in training load, compared to absolute training load, are more important in explaining sports injury development. One reason for this could be that prospective data from scientific studies should be analyzed in a different manner.
Malisoux L, Ramesh J, Mann R, Seil R, Urhausen A, Theisen D.
Sports Medicine Research Laboratory, Public Research Centre for Health, Luxembourg, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg.
The aim of this study was to determine if runners who use concomitantly different pairs of running shoes are at a lower risk of running-related injury (RRI).
Weiterlesen: Can parallel use of different running shoes decrease running-related injury risk?